Review of Lecture 19: New and better: Recombinant DNA and genetic engineering.

1. Transposable elements: first discovered by Barbara McClintock; genetic information moving from one place to another in the genome (within a chromosome or between chromosomes).

2. Plasmids: extrachromosomal circles of DNA from bacteria. Important to bacterial conjugation, antibiotic resistance, and as cloning vectors.

3. Restriction enzymes: enzymes that cut DNA at a specific location (recognition site); facilitates recombinant DNA technology.

4. DNA library; DNA fragments from organism of interest cloned into plasmids (or viral vector).

5. PCR = polymerase chain reaction. Amplification of DNA target of interest. Ancient DNA recovered through PCR.